Cognition - Overview

Apart from the afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor) functions we have studied, the CNS (the brain in particular) is responsible for developing highly complex and difficult-to-study functions generally referred to as higher functions ^[42].

This entity encompasses highly complex processes such as memory and learning, language, consciousness, judgment, and other functions of the mind.

In this chapter, we will discuss consciousness - what it is and from where it might emerge. Discussing consciousness automatically leads us to describe sleep: why do we sleep? And what does the brain do in its waking state?

We will explore language, one of the most fascinating functions of the human race; without this faculty, it would not have been possible to transmit knowledge from generation to generation, and thus, any kind of progress would have been impossible.

We will also discuss memory and learning, two functions that are completely linked, interconnected, and vital.

Finally, we will address the limbic system and its role in elaborate functions such as memory, emotions, and executive functions ^{[161, 162]}.