The cerebellum

The cerebellum ^{[4, 54]} is an organ of the central nervous system located directly behind the brainstem. Together with the brainstem, it occupies the posterior cranial fossa ^{[32, 43, 45]} below the tentorium cerebelli ^[38].

It is attached to the brainstem by three pairs of cerebellar peduncles ^[43] : superior, inferior, and middle.

The cerebellum contributes primarily to balance and motor coordination ^[53]. The concentric grooves that mark its surface give it a foliated appearance.

The cerebellum is divided into three main lobes: anterior, posterior, and flocculonodular ^{[35, 54]}.

These lobes are further subdivided into ten lobules by secondary fissures ^{[4, 43]}.

The cerebellum is described as having a central (median) region, the cerebellar vermis ^{[55, 56]} , and three pairs of deep nuclei: dentate, interposed, and fastigial ^{[38, 54, 57]}.

The cerebellum shares many similarities with the cerebrum: it also has a peripheral cortex ^{[3, 32, 75]} and deep gray nuclei that contain neuronal cell bodies. It has two cerebellar hemispheres ^[157] : right and left, as well as several fissures that delineate lobes.

The fissures of the cerebellum are deeper ^[130] than those of the cerebrum, this vastly increases the surface area of the cerebellar cortex, estimated to be 75% of that of the cerebral cortex ^[4].